Evaluate the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching programme on the Knowledge regarding prevention of Silicosis and its complications among workers in selected Industries at Rajkot

 

Ms. Rashmika Jadav, Mrs. Archana Reddy, Dr. Jeenath Justin Doss K.

Shri Anand Institute of Nursing, Opp. Ghanteshwar Park, B/H Shainik Society, Jamnagar Road, Rajkot-360006.

 

ABSTRACT:

Evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on the knowledge regarding prevention of silicosis and its complication among workers in selected industries at Rajkot. The objective of the study was (a) to assess the pre-test knowledge level on prevention of Silicosis and its complications. (b) To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on prevention of Silicosis and its complications. (c) To find out the association between post-test knowledge scores of workers with their selected demographic variables. The research approach selected for the study was quantitative research one group pre-test post-test design. The study conducted at selected industry at Rajkot. Total 50 samples selected from industry setting based on non probability purposive sampling. The researcher used structured questionnaire for data collection regarding demographic variables and pre-test. As a part of my intervention planned teaching programme on prevention of silicosis and its complication was carried out among workers working in the industry setting the past-test score was measured with the same questionnaire after 7 days. The collected data were analyzed by using inferential statistical method. T-test was used to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on the knowledge regarding prevention of silicosis and its complication among industrial workers. It revealed the mean score of pre-test was 9.96 and post-test was 20.9. The mean difference was 10.94. The obtain t-value 26.17. hence it was highly significant p<0.001 level hence their findings of the study revealed that the planned teaching programme was effective in improving knowledge regarding prevention of silicosis and its complication among industrial workers.

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

“Health is not everything but everything else is nothing without health”.

- Ruth Carlisle.

“Pneumonoultramicroscopic silicovolcanoconiosis” is the disease with world’s lengthiest name. It is a lung disease caused by the inhalation of very fine silica dust, causing inflammation in the lungs. This condition is normally known as Silicosis.

 

Silicosis has been a human scourge since antiquity. In 1870, Visconti introduced the term silicosis, derived from Latin ilex, or flint. Although silicosis has been recognized for many centuries, its prevalence increased markedly with the introduction of mechanized mining. The prevalence has declined markedly in developed countries in recent decades because of effective industrial hygiene measures.¹

 

Silicosis is one of the oldest occupational diseases known to man. This is caused by inhalation of dust containing free crystalline silica. It is irreversible and the disease progresses even when exposure stops. Silicosis is preventable. However, it continues to pose a very real threat to some people on a daily basis and still kills thousands around the world every year.²

 

NEED FOR THE STUDY:

“Education is the deliberate and systematic influence exerted by the mature person upon the immature person through instruction, discipline and the harmonious development of all the power of the human being”

 

- Redden and Ryan.

 

The National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC) has directed the governments of the states and union territories of India to provide complete information about all measures taken to prevent and eliminate the problem of silicosis. Acting on the NHRC’s recommendations, a comprehensive survey of organized and unorganized industries where silica exposure may occur was done in the state of Gujarat. Other measures included provision of free diagnostic and treatment facilities at primary-, secondary- and tertiary-level health facilities to workers exposed to silica, along with counseling of patients about how to avoid dust inhalation and prevent progression of the disease. Awareness is being raised through information materials printed in the local language. Silicosis health-care units have been established in silicosis-risk districts, where free chest X-ray and pulmonary function tests are done. Regular inspections are made of industries that use silica, with active involvement of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to ensure proper monitoring.³

 

India has the largest number of non-school going children workers in the world. Despite the country’s constitution prohibiting the employment of children below the age of 14 years in factories, mines or hazardous occupations. In granite, marble and sandstone quarries, workers allegedly almost 20 percent of which are children, some as young as six are exposed to a high incidence of fatal occupational diseases such as silicosis and tuberculosis. These diseases are also common in non-mechanized processing plants. The most basic safety provisions, such as dust masks, protective shoes and gloves, are usually absent.⁴

 

The Researcher has a personal experience with this topic. In my native village there are hundreds of sandblasting employees who are working in quarry field for the last 15 years. Most of them are illiterate and belongs to poor families. They are not aware about the effects of chronic exposure to silica, its complications and preventive measures. Even the employers are not taking any venture to educate them regarding the health protective measures. Unfortunately, around 20 of them developed silica induced Tuberculosis and Two of the persons residing near to the quarry developed the same. Still the victims are not following any treatment to manage the complications due to lack of money even the employers doing not provide any financial assistance for their treatment. The researcher decided to do something to eliminate the darkness of employee's ignorance about the complications of silicosis so I have selected this topic for my research work.⁵

 

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

1.     To assess the pre-test knowledge level on prevention of Silicosis and its complications.

2.     To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on prevention of Silicosis and its complications.

3.     To find out the association between post-test knowledge scores of workers with their selected demographic variables.

 

HYPOTHESES:

H₁: There will be significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge regarding prevention of silicosis and its complications.

 

H₂: There will be significant association between post-test knowledge with their selected demographic variables.

 

MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY:

Research approach:

Quantitative research approach.

 

Research design:

Pre experimental research design.

 

The design adopted for this study is preexperimental in nature. One group pre-test, post-test design.

 

Setting:

The study will be conducted in selected industries at Rajkot.

 

Population:

·       Accessible population: All workers who meet the inclusion criteria and are working in industries at Rajkot.

·       Target population: Workers who are all working in industries at Rajkot.

 

Sample:

Sample size:

The sample size of the study was 50 workers working and residing in Rajkot.

 

Sample technique:

The research study was conducted by non probability purposive sampling technique.

 

Data analysis and interpretation:

The collected data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics.

 

RESULT:

Major study findings include,

 

A.   Findings related to demographic variables of the study:

1.     The majority of 20 (40%) samples age is between 25-30 years.

2.     The majority of 24 (50%) samples are illiterate.

3.     The majority of 20 (40%) samples are 2-year job exposure.

4.     The majority of 42 (80%) samples are male.

5.     The majority of 39 (80%) samples are not getting previous information.

6.     The majority of 37 (75%) samples are residential in rural areas.

7.     The majority of 43 (83%) samples are labour.

8.     The majority of 43 (86%) samples income under 5000-10000.

 

With regard to effectiveness of PTP on knowledge regarding prevention of silicosis and its complication among industrial workers, the obtained ‘t’ value for the level of knowledge was 26.17 that was highly significant at p<0.001 level.

 

With regard to association between the levels of knowledge with their selected demographic variables such as education of status had significant association found. The study shows that the calculated Chi-square value is more than the tabulated value at the level of 0.05 for these demographic variables. This shows there is a significant association between the effectiveness of PTP and knowledge regarding prevention of silicosis and its complication and selected demographic variables.

 

CONCLUSION:

The main conclusion from this present study is that most of the workers working in industries had inadequate and moderate level of knowledge in pre-test and they improved to moderate and adequate level of knowledge in post-test. This shows the imperative need to understand the purpose of the PTP regarding improving the knowledge about prevention of silicosis and its complication among workers.

 

REFERENCES:

1.      Article related to Silicosis. 2014. Available from: http://www.en.wikipedia.org

2.      Article related to complications of Silicosis and their prevention. 2011Available from: http:// www.en.wikipedia.org.

3.      Article related to Air sampling and prevention of Silicosis. 2011 Available from: http:// www.en.wikipedia.org

4.      S. P. Yadav. Silica induced occupational disorders. Journal of occupational health. Available from: http://www.en.wikipedia.org

5.      Bela Shah. Involvement of lung and lung function tests in stone quarry workers. Indian journal of Tuberculosis 2011 Available from: http:// www.ncbi.nlm.gov/pubmed.com.

 

 

 

Received on 25.09.2020         Modified on 24.10.2020

Accepted on 20.11.2020      ©A&V Publications All right reserved